home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- #CARD:Cyprus:Geography
- #IMAGE 49 66 TWPCX \maps\Cyprus.PCX
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK Click Here for MAP
- Cyprus
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- in the eastern Mediterreanean Sea, 97 km west of Syria and 64 km west of
- Turkey
- Map references:
- Africa, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the World
- Area:
- total area:
- 9,250 km2
- land area:
- 9,240 km2
- comparative area:
- about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut
- Land boundaries:
- 0 km
- Coastline:
- 648 km
- Maritime claims:
- continental shelf:
- 200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- 1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas, a
- Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (60% of the island's land
- area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (35% of the island) that are separated by a
- narrow UN buffer zone; in addition, there are two UK sovereign base areas
- (about 5% of the island's land area)
- Climate:
- temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters
- Terrain:
- central plain with mountains to north and south
- Natural resources:
- copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 40%
- permanent crops:
- 7%
- meadows and pastures:
- 10%
- forest and woodland:
- 18%
- other:
- 25%
- Irrigated land:
- 350 km2 (1989)
- Environment:
- moderate earthquake activity; water resource problems (no natural reservoir
- catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and most potable resources
- concentrated in the Turkish-Cypriot area)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:People
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 723,371 (July 1993 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 0.94% (1993 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 17.14 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Death rate:
- 7.74 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 9.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 75.98 years
- male:
- 73.75 years
- female:
- 78.31 years (1993 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 2.34 children born/woman (1993 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Cypriot(s)
- adjective:
- Cypriot
- Ethnic divisions:
- Greek 78%, Turkish 18%, other 4%
- Religions:
- Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other 4%
- Languages:
- Greek, Turkish, English
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1987)
- total population:
- 94%
- male:
- 98%
- female:
- 91%
- Labor force:
- Greek area:
- 282,000
- by occupation:
- services 57%, industry 29%, agriculture 14% (1991)
- Turkish area:
- 72,000
- by occupation:
- services 57%, industry 22%, agriculture 21% (1991)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Cyprus
- conventional short form:
- Cyprus
- Digraph:
- CY
- Type:
- republic
- note:
- a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began
- after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further
- solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which
- gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots
- control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983
- Turkish Cypriot President Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the
- formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), which has been
- recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of
- intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of government
- Capital:
- Nicosia
- Administrative divisions:
- 6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos
- Independence:
- 16 August 1960 (from UK)
- Constitution:
- 16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised
- constitution to govern the island and to better relations between Greek and
- Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots
- created their own Constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish
- Federated State of Cyprus," which was renamed the "Turkish Republic of
- Northern Cyprus" in 1983; a new Constitution for the Turkish area passed by
- referendum in May 1985
- Legal system:
- based on common law, with civil law modifications
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 1 October (15 November is celebrated as Independence Day
- in the Turkish area)
- Political parties and leaders:
- Greek Cypriot:
- Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Dimitrios
- CHRISTOFIAS; Democratic Rally (DISY), Glafkos CLERIDES; Democratic Party
- (DIKO), Spyros KYPRIANOU; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK),
- Vassos LYSSARIDIS; Socialist Democratic Renewal Movement (ADISOK), Mikhalis
- PAPAPETROU; Liberal Party, Nikos ROLANDIS; Free Democrats, George VASSILIOU
- Turkish area:
- National Unity Party (UBP), Dervis EROGLU; Communal Liberation Party (TKP),
- Mustafa AKINCI; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker OZGUR; New Cyprus
- Party (YKP), Alpay DURDURAN; Social Democratic Party (SDP), Ergun VEHBI; New
- Birth Party (YDP), Ali Ozkan ALTINISHIK; Free Democratic Party (HDP), Ismet
- KOTAK; Nationalist Justice Party (MAP), Zorlu TORE; United Sovereignty
- Party, Arif Salih KIRDAG; Democratic Party (DP), Hakki ATUN; Fatherland
- Party (VP), Orhan UCOK; CTP, TKP, and YDP joined in the coalition Democratic
- Struggle Party (DMP) for the 22 April 1990 legislative election; the CTP and
- TKP boycotted the byelection of 13 October 1991, in which 12 seats were at
- stake; the DMP was dissolved after the 1990 election
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- Government
- Other political or pressure groups:
- United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of
- Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK;
- pro-West); Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled);
- Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; pro-West); Federation of Turkish
- Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions
- (Dev-Is)
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Elections:
- President:
- last held 14 February 1993 (next to be held February 1998); results -
- Glafkos CLERIDES 50.3%, George VASSILIOU 49.7%
- House of Representatives:
- last held 19 May 1991; results - DISY 35.8%, AKEL (Communist) 30.6%, DIKO
- 19.5%, EDEK 10. 9%; others 3.2%; seats - (56 total) DISY 20, AKEL
- (Communist) 18, DIKO 11, EDEK 7
- Turkish Area: President:
- last held 22 April 1990 (next to be held April 1995); results - Rauf R.
- DENKTASH 66%, Ismail BOZKURT 32.05%
- Turkish Area: Assembly of the Republic:
- last held 6 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995); results - UBP
- (conservative) 54.4%, DMP 44.4% YKP 0.9%; seats - (50 total) UBP
- (conservative) 45, SDP 1, HDP 2, YDP 2; note - by-election of 13 October
- 1991 was for 12 seats; DP delegates broke away from the UBP and formed their
- own party after the last election; seats as of July 1992 UBP 34, SPD 1, HDP
- 1, YDP 2, DP 10, independents 2
- Executive branch:
- president, Council of Ministers (cabinet); note - there is a president,
- prime minister, and Council of Ministers (cabinet) in the Turkish area
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon); note - there is a
- unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Cumhuriyet Meclisi) in the Turkish area
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court; note - there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish area
- Leaders:
- Chief of State and Head of Government:
- President Glafkos CLERIDES (since 28 February 1993)
- note:
- Rauf R. DENKTASH has been president of the Turkish area since 13 February
- 1975; Dervish EROGLU has been prime minister of the Turkish area since 20
- July 1985
- Member of:
- C, CCC, CE, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
- IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO,
- ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
- WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Michael E. SHERIFIS
- chancery:
- 2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- (202) 462-5772
- consulate general:
- New York
- note:
- Representative of the Turkish area in the US is Namik KORMAN, office at 1667
- K Street, NW, Washington DC, telephone (202) 887-6198
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- Government
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Robert E. LAMB
- embassy:
- corner of Therissos Street and Dositheos Street, Nicosia
- mailing address:
- APO AE 09836
- telephone:
- [357] (2) 465151
- FAX:
- [357] (2) 459-571
- Flag:
- white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is
- derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive
- branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for
- peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities
- note:
- the Turkish cypriot flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom
- with a red crescent and red star on a white field
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The Greek Cypriot economy is small, diversified, and prosperous. Industry
- contributes 16.5% to GDP and employs 29% of the labor force, while the
- service sector contributes 62% to GDP and employs 57% of the labor force.
- Rapid growth in exports of agricultural and manufactured products and in
- tourism have played important roles in the average 6.8% rise in GDP between
- 1986 and 1990. This progress was temporarily checked in 1991, because of the
- adverse effects of the Gulf War on tourism. Nevertheless in mid-1991, the
- World Bank "graduated" Cyprus off its list of developing countries. In
- contrast to the bright picture in the south, the Turkish Cypriot economy has
- less than half the per capita GDP and suffered a series of reverses in 1991.
- Crippled by the effects of the Gulf war, the collapse of the
- fruit-to-electronics conglomerate, Polly Peck, Ltd., and a drought, the
- Turkish area in late 1991 asked for a multibillion-dollar grant from Turkey
- to help ease the burden of the economic crisis. In addition, the Turkish
- government extended a $100 million loan in November 1992 to be used for
- economic development projects in 1993. Turkey normally underwrites a
- substantial portion of the Turkish Cypriot economy.
- National product:
- Greek area:
- GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $6.3 billion (1992)
- Turkish area:
- GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $600 million (1990)
- National product real growth rate:
- Greek area:
- 6.5% (1992)
- Turkish area:
- 5.9% (1990)
- National product per capita:
- Greek area:
- $11,000 (1992)
- Turkish area:
- $4,000 (1990)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- Greek area:
- 5.1% (1991)
- Turkish area:
- 69.4% (1990)
- Unemployment rate:
- Greek area:
- 2.4% (1991)
- Turkish area:
- 1.5% (1991)
- Budget:
- revenues $1.7 billion; expenditures $2.2 billion, including capital
- expenditures of $350 million (1993)
- Exports:
- $875 million (f.o.b., 1991)
- commodities:
- citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes
- partners:
- UK 23%, Greece 10%, Lebanon 10%, Germany 5%
- Imports:
- $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
- commodities:
- consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery
- partners:
- UK 13%, Japan 12%, Italy 10%, Germany 9.1%
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- Economy
- External debt:
- $1.9 billion (1991)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 0.4% (1991); accounts for 16.5% of GDP
- Electricity:
- 620,000 kW capacity; 1,770 million kWh produced, 2,530 kWh per capita (1991)
- Industries:
- food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products
- Agriculture:
- contributes 6% to GDP and employs 14% of labor force in the south; major
- crops - potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, citrus fruits;
- vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues
- Illicit drugs:
- transit point for heroin via air routes and container traffic to Europe,
- especially from Lebanon and Turkey
- Economic aid:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $292 million; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $250 million; OPEC
- bilateral aid (1979-89), $62 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $24
- million
- Currency:
- 1 Cypriot pound (#C) = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus
- Exchange rates:
- NA
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:Communications
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- Communications
-
-
- Highways:
- 10,780 km total; 5,170 km paved; 5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
- Ports:
- Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos
- Merchant marine:
- 1,299 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,045,037 GRT/37,119,933 DWT;
- includes 10 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 463 cargo, 77
- refrigerated cargo, 24 roll-on/roll-off, 70 container, 4 multifunction large
- load carrier, 110 oil tanker, 3 specialized tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 26
- chemical tanker, 32 combination ore/oil, 422 bulk, 3 vehicle carrier, 48
- combination bulk, 1 railcar carrier, 2 passenger; note - a flag of
- convenience registry; Cuba owns 27 of these ships, Russia owns 36, Latvia
- also has 7 ships, Croatia owns 2, and Romania 5
- Airports:
- total:
- 13
- usable:
- 13
- with permanent-surface runways:
- 10
- with runways over 3,659 m:
- 0
- with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
- 7
- with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
- 1
- Telecommunications:
- excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek
- area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones;
- largely open-wire and microwave radio relay; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 8
- FM, 1 (34 repeaters) TV in Greek sector and 2 AM, 6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish
- sector; international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables,
- and satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean
- INTELSAT and EUTELSAT earth stations
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Cyprus:Defense Forces
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cyprus
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Greek area:
- Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; including air and naval elements), Greek
- Cypriot Police
- Turkish area:
- Turkish Cypriot Security Force
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 185,371; fit for military service 127,536; reach military
- age (18) annually 5,085 (1993 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $209 million, 5% of GDP (1990 est.)
-
- #ENDCARD
-